Suffering Under Improper Banking Practices and Government Monetary Laws
By Michael S. Rozeff, LewRockwell.com
Improper Means of Exchange
There are many ways in which human beings have created means of exchange (currency, means of payment, money) that have worked successfully over long periods of time. There is the way that Menger explained, through discovery of a highly marketable commodity. This is the way in which precious metals gained ascendancy. Another way is through banks that have intermediated short-term (90-day) bills of exchange and provided bank notes. This was common for many centuries. Another way is through the deposits of goldsmiths at a bank in exchange for certificates that circulate. Fourth, governments have created tax certificates good for paying taxes, and these have functioned as means of exchange. We should not forget also that there have been many commodities that have been used as means of exchange.
This is not an exhaustive list. It is enough to suggest that the private economy is perfectly capable of generating a variety of means of exchange that solve the economic challenge of low-cost exchange without barter. Continue reading












