“Crito, we owe a rooster to Asclepius. Please don’t forget to pay the debt,” were the final words of Socrates. He uttered them shortly after downing poison hemlock in 399 BC, in fulfillment of his death sentence for corrupting the youth.
Asclepius was the Greek god for curing illness. One interpretation of Socrates’ last words is that death is the cure – or freedom – of the soul from the body. Another is that Socrates viewed his death as a cure for Athens’ ailments…including its decline from the height of hegemony and defeat by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
By all accounts, Socrates’ followers were left searching for direction following the death of this profound gadfly. Plato, for example, went on to explore, broaden, and clarify Socrates ideas, making them lasting contributions to the world. However, many of Socrates’ other followers dissolved into various factions, and became nothing more than historical footnotes.
The Cynics, for instance, took Socrates’ teachings of the virtues of a simple life and extended them into loony land. Before long Diogenes of Sinope was begging for a living and stumbling around the marketplace with a lamp in full daylight, claiming to be looking for an honest man. Continue reading







